Canine Malaria – The Underestimated Danger Posed by Ticks

Babesiosis – a word many dog owners only knew from holidays until now. But this dangerous tick-borne disease, also known as "canine malaria," is increasingly spreading in our latitudes.

 

What is Babesiosis?

Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by single blood parasites (Babesia canis). It is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks – especially the ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus), which has now permanently established itself in parts of Switzerland and Germany. The parasites attack the red blood cells of the dog – with serious consequences.

 

Recognize Symptoms – Prompt Action Saves Lives

- high fever

- apathy or weakness

- loss of appetite

- dark, reddish-brown urine

- pale mucous membranes

- shortness of breath or jaundice

 

Why the Danger is Increasing

Due to climate change and milder winters, exotic tick species like the ornate dog tick are spreading further – even in previously safe regions. In addition, many dog owners travel abroad with their four-legged friends and unintentionally bring back the pathogens.

 

Protection is Possible – How to Prevent It

- year-round tick protection (best coordinated with your vet)

- daily tick checks, especially for dense fur

- avoidance of risk areas, e.g., tall grass or forest edges

- in case of suspicion: consult a vet immediately!

 

Treatment

Babesiosis is treatable with special medications – provided it is detected promptly. Some vets also recommend preventive vaccinations or emergency medications for international travel.

 

Current Situation in DACH (as of May 2025)

🇨🇭 Switzerland

In Switzerland, babesiosis is increasingly spreading. The ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus), the main vector of the pathogen Babesia canis, has established itself in various regions. Veterinarians report an increase in autochthonous cases, i.e., infections acquired within Switzerland. The disease often progresses acutely and can be fatal if left untreated. A vaccine is currently not available, which is why special emphasis is placed on preventive measures.

 

🇩🇪 Germany

In Germany, babesiosis is now present in many regions. The ornate dog tick has spread widely due to milder winters and changing environmental conditions. Areas such as Brandenburg and Saxony are particularly affected. A vaccine available in Europe is not approved in Germany. Protection and diagnosis are paramount.

 

🇦🇹 Austria

In Austria, too, babesiosis is becoming an increasing challenge. The ornate dog tick has become endemic in several federal states. Veterinary clinics report rising case numbers, especially in the warmer months. Prevention is essential, as there is no vaccine.

 

🔍 General Characteristics:

• Size:
  • Unengorged: 3.5–5 mm (female), slightly smaller for males.

• Engorged:
  • up to 15 mm.

• Coloration:
  • Brown body with a distinctive marbled scutum in silvery-grey to whitish.

• Body Shape:
  • Oval, flat, enlarged like a balloon after feeding.

• Legs:
  • Reddish to reddish-brown, robustly built.

• Mouthparts:
  • Clearly visible at the front of the body.

 

 

Conclusion

Babesiosis poses a growing threat to dogs in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Prevention, vigilance, and education are currently the best tools to protect our four-legged friends.